Keithley 230 Programmable Voltage Source

The Keithley 230 Programmable Voltage Source delivers precision DC voltage generation for automated test equipment, semiconductor characterization, and materials research. Its output range spans ±50 µV to ±101 VDC across four selectable ranges with up to 4½-digit resolution. The instrument accommodates complex test sequences through 100 programmable memory locations with dwell times from 3 ms to 999.9 s, each with ±(0.05% + 200 µs) accuracy. Selectable current limits of ±2 mA, ±20 mA, and ±100 mA provide load protection with <3 ms transient recovery time. IEEE-488 GPIB control integrates directly into laboratory systems, while TTL-compatible external trigger inputs and outputs synchronize multi-instrument test setups. Four TTL I/O lines and rear-panel selectable remote or local sensing accommodate distributed measurement architectures. Output voltage accuracy reaches ±0.05% + 50 mV on the 100 V range, with temperature stability of 0.005% + 0.5 mV per °C. Noise performance holds 150 µV + 50 ppm of range (0.1 Hz to 300 Hz) under local sensing. Response time to 0.1% of commanded changes occurs within 3 ms. Five-way binding posts provide isolated output, sense, and ground connections. Operating from 105–250 V AC (50/60 Hz), the unit consumes 60 W maximum.